Infertility

Infertility is a condition in which a couple are unable to conceive, after frequent sexual intercourse, for 12 months or more. Infertility can be primary (occurring in couples who have not previously had a child) or secondary (occurring in couples who have conceived in the past) and can stem from factors related to the male partner, the female partner, or both.

For more information, see Infertility.

Male urogenital system

The male urogenital system consists of both the urinary and reproductive systems. There are several parts, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra, penis, prostate and accessory glands. Sperm is formed in the testes.

For more information, see Male Urogenital System.

Female urogenital system

The female urogenital system consists of all the organs involved in reproduction and the formation and release of urine. It includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and the organs of reproduction - uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes and vagina.

For more information, see Female Urogenital System.

Sperm health

Some known causes of male infertility include low sperm count or non-functioning sperm. Sperm health can be affected by several factors, including drugs, environment, nutrition and sexually transmitted infections.

For more information, see Sperm Health.

Semen analysis

Semen analysis testing, also known as a sperm count test, is the main test which is performed to assess a man's fertility. It involves examining a sample of freshly retrieved semen and, by conducting a range of tests, investigates a number of characteristics of the seminal fluid and the sperm it contains.

For more information, see Semen Analysis.

Infertility treatments/assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)

As first line treatment for infertility, there are a range of lifestyle changes which couples should make to increase their chance of conception. Following this, other treatment options include surgical treatments, pharmacological treatments and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). The most suitable type of treatment will depend on the factors underlying the couple's infertility.

For more information, see Infertility Treatments / Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs).