Acoustic Neuroma

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What is Acoustic Neuroma?

Acoustic Neuroma (also known as vestibular schwannoma, neurinoma, neuromas) is a benign tumour (non malignant) of the Schwann cells (insulating cells) that surround the vestibulocochlear (XIIth) cranial nerve. The XII nerve sits within the temporal bone in the skull. Acoustic neuroma is responsible for balance and hearing as it relays nerve impulses from the cochlea (the organ of hearing). Below is an MRI scan image of a person who has developed an Acoustic Neuroma:

Who gets Acoustic Neuroma?

Acoustic neuromas occur throughout the world. No ethnic groups are affected disproportionately. Symptomatic neuromas are estimated to effect 1 in every 3,500 to 5 in every million people. Acoustic neuromas more common in men and between the ages of 30-60 years.

Predisposing Factors

The cause of acoustic neuroma is unknown. A small proportion of people also have neurofibromatosis type 2 (a hereditary condition).

Progression

Acoustic neuromas are very slow growing. Acoustic neuromas generally originate within the internal auditory canal and may cause bony erosion as they expand. The acoustic neuroma tumour will compress the XIIth (vestibular cochlear) then VIIth (facial) cranial nerves and effect their function. A untreated acoustic neuroma tumour will protrude further into the brain and may eventually compromise other nerves and brainstem function.

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